彝族传统治理资源的研究综述 ——基于乡村治理视域

乡村治理是乡村振兴战略设计框架中的重要内容，是我国国家治理的内在基础逻辑。要构建和完善“自治法治德治”的 乡村治理体系，应当积极发掘、传承保护、盘活和创新利用好乡村传统治理资源，推进本土化治理，实现乡村善治的终极目标。 彝族传统文化结构中蕴藏有丰富的治理资源，相关学者早从不同视角做过相关探讨或研究。总体看来，目前，虽然学界以“乡 村治理”作为直接视角嵌入的研究尚少，但是早有学者针对彝族的习惯法、家支制度、德古机制、信仰文化、乡村精英等展开相 关研究。众多研究成果表明，彝族传统治理资源具有强大的治理效能和实现乡村善治的独特优势。     

Why spouses depress each other: A cross‐national study to test the shared resource hypothesis in depressive symptom concordance within older adult couples

The shared resource hypothesis suggests that married couples share the same environmental resources, which shape their health concordance. This study tests its cross‐national applicability. Cross‐sectional 2012–2013 Health and Retirement Study data from China, England, Mexico, and the United States were analyzed. Heterosexual couples (age ≥60) who were married or partnered were studied (N = 20,565 pairs). Dyadic data were analyzed by multilevel models to examine the effect of self and spousal social and physical health statuses on depressive symptoms. Regression models were used to test the relationship between couples' shared resources and depressive symptom concordance. Results indicated both husbands and wives' depressive symptoms were associated with their own and spouses' social and health statuses. Most couple‐level resources were insignificant predictors for Chinese and Mexican couples' concordance, but having more social and financial resources was associated with higher concordance among British and American couples. Self‐reported health was the most consistent predictor in all countries. The shared resource hypothesis was more applicable to depressive symptom concordance within couples in the United States and England, but not in China and Mexico. Couple‐centered intervention is suggested for clinical practice, and the spousal effect should be considered in policymaking.     

Adaptive and repeated cumulative meta‐analyses of safety data during a new drug development process

During a new drug development process, it is desirable to timely detect potential safety signals. For this purpose, repeated meta‐analyses may be performed sequentially on accumulating safety data. Moreover, if the amount of safety data from the originally planned program is not enough to ensure adequate power to test a specific hypothesis (e.g., the noninferiority hypothesis of an event of interest), the total sample size may be increased by adding new studies to the program. Without appropriate adjustment, it is well known that the type I error rate will be inflated because of repeated analyses and sample size adjustment. In this paper, we discuss potential issues associated with adaptive and repeated cumulative meta‐analyses of safety data conducted during a drug development process. We consider both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. A new drug development example is used to demonstrate the application of the methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国国防建设的环境分析

在把中国国防建设的环境分为国际环境和国内环境的基础上,分别分析了中国国防建设的国内外环境的有利和不利因素,认为虽然中国的国防建设环境中存在一定的有利因素,但从整体而言,中国国防建设的环境十分严峻,并且针对此提出了自己的对策、建议。     

以人文奥运提升中华民族凝聚力

中华民族凝聚力是中华民族生存和发展的内在动力。以先进的体育文化精神提升民族凝聚力,是北京奥运会的文化目标。人文奥运作为北京2008年奥运会三大理念的核心,以其精神文化价值激发着民族凝聚力的更新与生成。人文奥运提升中华民族凝聚力主要体现在人文奥运理念对人的价值引导、行为规范、舆论支持和文化积累等4个方面。     

颓败的乡土的回望——论《秦腔》的乡土关怀

《秦腔》是一部能代表当今小说创作成就的优秀之作。在贾平凹的创作中也是一部有新突破,在艺术上达到新高度的小说。具有历史的厚重感,强烈的时代感,新鲜的叙事感。作者通过对清风街乡土社会解体的叙写,表现了百年启蒙文学关注的一个重要主题:乡土的变革。     

西部地区脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴战略的融合之路——基于10省85村1 143户的微观调查数据

脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴是不同历史阶段下的战略任务。二者在历史渊源、出场逻辑、科学内涵、推进思路上存在差异,但都是为建设社会主义现代化强国所作的制度安排,在战略愿景、服务诉求、参与主体、实践路径上具有同一性,共同服务于中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦和“两个一百年”的目标实现。一方面脱贫攻坚为乡村振兴提供政策基础、物质基础、舆论基础和模式借鉴,另一方面乡村振兴为巩固脱贫攻坚成果、防范返贫风险和解决2020年后的贫困问题提供长效保障。当前中国正处于脱贫攻坚收官之战与乡村振兴稳步实施的政策交汇期,探索脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴融合推进之路具有战略紧迫性和历史必然性。研究表明,西部地区脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴已实现初步互动,但实现两大战略的良性互动仍需进一步优化联动机制、筑牢产业发展根基、提高乡村治理与生态文明水平、引领文化风尚、推动共同富裕,使西部地区在新时代新一轮的大开发中展现更大作为。     

乡村振兴背景下的乡村社区资本活化

乡村社区资本是人们在乡村生产生活过程中长期积累,并可被持续利用以促进乡村发展的价值。新时期乡村振兴的根本在于坚持 “资本为本”的理念,实现乡村社区资本的全面活化。“人”是乡村社区资本活化的基础和主体。乡村社区资本活化的目的在于实现资本的持续增值,促进乡村社区资本系统内生动力勃发,从而推进我国乡村的全面振兴和城乡充分协调发展。畅通城乡“资本对流”的渠道、发挥规划“资本引导”的功能以及强调产业“本固邦宁”的基础分别是乡村社区资本活化的关键、重点和命脉。其基本方法包括内嵌融入式和外溢输出式活化;其实践路径则有深入调查研究、摸清资本家底,注重功能作用、做好资本识别,找准资本痛点、激发资本活性,突破机制障碍、实现资本对流等。     

论乡村振兴背景下西部农村良性文化的生存现状及培育路径

党的十九大提出了乡村振兴战略。乡村振兴不仅囊括着产业兴旺、生态宜居、生活富裕等指标,也意指乡风文明、文化繁荣等方面得到实质性提升。在乡村振兴过程中必须高度重视农村文化建设,只有良性文化“留乡”“在乡”,乡风才可能文明,乡村振兴的目标才能实现。当前西部农村文化总体上呈现出良莠共生的状况,良性文化渐呈衰微之势,而非良性文化则日渐抬头。重塑西部农村文化需要坚持良性文化的主导原则,在此基础上,政府需要加强公共文化基础设施建设、加大良性文化的弘扬力度、提升农民对文化客体的辨别和选择能力。     

农户分化、乡土依赖与集体收益分配权退出

基于3个农村改革试验区716个农户的微观数据,实证分析农户分化、乡土依赖对农户集体收益分配权退出意愿的影响。结果表明,农户的不断分化并未提高其集体收益分配权退出意愿,分化程度较高的农户更倾向于继续持有集体收益分配权,土地、宅基地的退出对集体收益分配权退出意愿未产生显著影响,但对所在村的心理依赖水平有着显著的反向影响,即在集体收益分配权的退出中,对其退出意愿产生影响的更多是农户对乡土的心理依赖,而非现实依赖。这要求在进一步探索中,既要有改革的紧迫感,完善退出机制,引导符合条件的农户理性退出集体收益分配权,也要有历史的耐心,充分尊重农户的乡土情结。